用PHP连接Oracle数据库

  • 来源: 互联网 作者: rocket   2008-03-17/10:07
  • 通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。

    被过滤广告PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。

    连接

    <? if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))
    { echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to database\n";
    }else
    {echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to database\n";}
    Ora_Logoff($conn);
    phpinfo();
    ?>

    以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。

    查询

    假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:

    function printoraerr($in_cur)
    {
    // 检查Oracle是否出错
    // 如果存在错误则显示
    // 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
    if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
    echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."\n";
    return;
    }
    if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))
    {echo "Connection to database failed\n";
    exit;
    }
    echo "Connected as connection - $conn \n";
    echo "Opening cursor ... \n";
    $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);
    echo "Opened cursor - $cursor \n";
    $qry="select user,sysdate from dual";
    echo "Parsing the query $qry ... \n";
    ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);
    echo "Query parsed \n";
    echo "Executing cursor ... \n";
    ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);
    echo "Executed cursor \n";
    echo "Fetching cursor ... \n";
    while(ora_fetch($cursor))
    {
    $user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);
    $sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);
    echo " row = $user, $sysdate \n";
    }
    echo "Fetched all records \n";
    echo "Closing cursor ... \n";
    ora_close($cursor);
    echo "Closed cursor \n";
    echo "Logging off from oracle... \n";
    ora_logoff($conn);
    echo "Logged off from oracle \n";
    ?>

    显示结果

    以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:

    function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)
    {
    // 检查Oracle是否出错
    // 如果存在错误则显示
    // 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
    // If it encountered an error, we exit immediately
    if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
    {echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)." n";
    ora_logoff($conn);
    exit;
    }
    return;
    }

    function exequery($w_qry,$conn)
    {
    $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
    ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
    ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
    $numrows=0;
    $w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);
    // 显示头部
    echo " \n";
    for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
    {
    $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
    echo "\t ".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)." \n";
    }
    echo " \n";
    while(ora_fetch($cursor))
    {
    echo " \n";
    for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
    {
    $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
    if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")
    echo " ".
    ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)." \n";
    else
    echo " ".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)." \n";
    printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
    }
    $numrows++;
    echo " \n";
    }
    if ($numrows==0)
    echo " Query returned no records \n";
    else
    {
    echo " \n";
    echo " Count \n";
    echo " $numrows \n";
    echo " \n";
    }
    echo " \n";
    ora_close($cursor);
    return;
    }
    // 主程序
    if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password")))
    {
    echo "Error: Cannot connect to database\n";
    exit;
    }
    $qry="SELECT
    deptno \"Dept\"
    ,empno \"Emp\"
    ,empnm \"Name\"
    ,salary \"Salary\"
    FROM
    employee
    ORDER BY 1,2";
    exequery($qry);
    ora_logoff($conn);
    ?>

    基于HTTP的Oracle登录

    将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。

    if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))
    {
    Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
    Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
    $title="Login Instructions";
    echo "
    You are not authorized to enter the site
    \n";
    exit;
    }
    else
    {
    if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW)))
    {Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
    Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
    $title="Login Instructions";
    echo "
    You are not authorised to enter the site
    \n";
    exit;
    }}
    ?>

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